# scikits.odes.ode Class¶

class scikits.odes.ode.ode(integrator_name, eqsrhs, **options)

A generic interface class to differential equation solvers.

scikits.odes.odeint.odeint
an ODE integrator with a simpler interface
scipy.integrate
Methods in scipy for ODE integration

Examples

ODE arise in many applications of dynamical systems, as well as in discritisations of PDE (eg moving mesh combined with method of lines). As an easy example, consider the simple oscillator,

>>> from __future__ import print_function
>>> from numpy import cos, sin, sqrt
>>> k = 4.0
>>> m = 1.0
>>> initx = [1, 0.1]
>>> def rhseqn(t, x, xdot):
# we create rhs equations for the problem
xdot[0] = x[1]
xdot[1] = - k/m * x[0]

>>> from scikits.odes import ode
>>> solver = ode('cvode', rhseqn, old_api=False)
>>> result = solver.solve([0., 1., 2.], initx)
>>> print('   t        Solution          Exact')
>>> print('------------------------------------')
>>> for t, u in zip(result.values.t, result.values.y):
print('%4.2f %15.6g %15.6g' % (t, u[0], initx[0]*cos(sqrt(k/m)*t)+initx[1]*sin(sqrt(k/m)*t)/sqrt(k/m)))


More examples in the Examples directory and IPython worksheets.

Available integrators:

cvode

dopri5

dop853

__init__(integrator_name, eqsrhs, **options)

Initialize the ODE Solver and it’s options.

$\frac{dy(t)}{dt} = f(t, y(t)), \quad y(t_0)=y_0$
$y(t_0)[i] = y_0[i], i = 0, ..., \mathrm{len}(y_0) - 1$

f(t,y) is the right hand side function and returns a vector of size $$\mathrm{len}(y_0)$$.

Parameters: integrator_name (name of the integrator solver to use.) – Currently you can choose cvode, dopri5 and dop853. eqsrhs (right-hand-side function) – Right-hand-side of a first order ode. Generally, you can assume the following signature to work: eqsrhs(x, y, return_rhs) with x: independent variable, eg the time, floaty: array of n unknowns in x return_rhs : array that must be updated with the value of the right-hand-side, so f(t,y). The dimension is equal to dim(y) return value: An integer, 0 for success, 1 for failure. It is not guaranteed that a solver takes this status into account Some solvers will allow userdata to be passed to eqsrhs, or optional formats that are more performant. options (additional options of the solver) – See set_options method of the integrator_name you selected for details. Set option old_api=False to use the new API. In the future, this will become the default!
__weakref__

list of weak references to the object (if defined)

get_info()

Returns: A dictionary filled with internal data as exposed by the integrator. See the get_info method of your chosen integrator for details.
init_step(t0, y0)

Initializes the solver and allocates memory. It is not needed to call this method if solve is used to compute the solution. In the case step is used, init_step must be called first.

Parameters: t0 (initial time) – y0 (initial condition for y (can be list or numpy array)) – if old_api – flag - boolean status of the computation (successful or error occured) t_out - inititial time if old_api False – A named tuple, with fields: flag = An integer flag (StatusEnum) values = Named tuple with entries t and y errors = Named tuple with entries t and y roots = Named tuple with entries t and y tstop = Named tuple with entries t and y message= String with message in case of an error
set_options(**options)

Set specific options for the solver. See the solver documentation for details.

Calling set_options a second time, is only possible for options that can change during runtime.

set_tstop(tstop)

Add a stop time to the integrator past which he is not allowed to integrate.

Parameters: tstop (float time) – Time point in the future where the integration must stop. You can indicate like this that integration past this point is not allowed, in order to avoid undefined behavior. You can achieve the same result with a call to set_options(tstop=tstop)
solve(tspan, y0)

Runs the solver.

Parameters: tspan (a list/array of times at which the computed value will be returned. Must contain the start time.) – y0 (list/numpy array of initial values) – if old_api – flag - indicating return status of the solver t - numpy array of times at which the computations were successful y - numpy array of values corresponding to times t (values of y[i, :] ~ t[i]) t_err - float or None - if recoverable error occured (for example reached maximum number of allowed iterations), this is the time at which it happened y_err - numpy array of values corresponding to time t_err if old_api False – A named tuple, with fields: flag = An integer flag (StatusEnum) values = Named tuple with entries t and y errors = Named tuple with entries t and y roots = Named tuple with entries t and y tstop = Named tuple with entries t and y message= String with message in case of an error
step(t, y_retn=None)

Method for calling successive next step of the ODE solver to allow more precise control over the solver. The ‘init_step’ method has to be called before the ‘step’ method.

Parameters: t (A step is done towards time t, and output at t returned.) – This time can be higher or lower than the previous time. If option ‘one_step_compute’==True, and the solver supports it, only one internal solver step is done in the direction of t starting at the current step. If old_api=True, the old behavior is used: if t>0.0 then integration is performed until this time and results at this time are returned in y_retn if t<0.0 only one internal step is perfomed towards time abs(t) and results after this one time step are returned if old_api – flag - status of the computation (successful or error occured)t_out - time, where the solver stopped (when no error occured, t_out == t) if old_api False – A named tuple, with fields: flag = An integer flag (StatusEnum)values = Named tuple with entries t and y errors = Named tuple with entries t and y roots = Named tuple with entries t and y tstop = Named tuple with entries t and y message= String with message in case of an error